Extracted from: “The right of ownership of hydrocarbons in Venezuela: origin and legal tradition.” by Jesús Mora Contreras, 2002.
In 1829, Simón Bolivar, the Liberator issued a Decree in Quito that tacitly established that the mines passed from the Spanish Royal Crown to the domain of the Republic... whose government grants them in ownership and possession to the citizens who request them, under the conditions expressed in the Mining Laws and Ordinances, and with the other provisions contained in this decree." As if to reaffirm their origin, Congress, in the Law of 1832, resolved: "in accordance with the Decree of October 24, 1829, the Ordinance that shall serve as a rule for the Government regarding mines is that of New Spain of 1783."
Something which has caused me to now post on X the following: